Identify the correct’ formula of halides of alkaline earth metals from the following. Thus, Li forms only lithium oxide (Li20), sodium forms mainly sodium peroxide (Na202) along with a small amount of sodium oxide while potassium forms only potassium superoxide (K02). Draw the structure of: (i) BeCl2 (vapour) (ii) BeCl2 (solid). Q6. In the solid state, BeCl2 has polymeric chain structure. The oxides of the alkaline earth metals (except BeO and MgO) dissolve in water to form basic hydroxides and evolve a large amount of heat. (ii) Na – Strongest monoacidic base In the following questions, more than one option of column I and II may be correlated. Among the following metal halides, the one which is soluble in ethanol is (b) Beryllium sulphate is readily soluble in water as the greater hydration enthalpy of Be2+ overcomes the lattice enthalpy factor. (c) Both A and R are not correct. Q35. In the synthesis of sodium carbonate, the recovery of ammonia is done by treating NH4C1 with Ca(OH)2. (a) Be Each atom has particular energy gap between ground and excited energy ‘ level. BeC03→BeO + C02 Its oxide is stablised by polarization. … (a) Both A and Rare true and R is the correct explanation of A. Alkali metals hydroxides being strongly basic react with all acids forming salts. (a) Act as dehydrating agents. BeC03 < MgC03 < CaC03 < SrC03 < BaC03 Discuss the trend of the following: The chemical reactions involved are:CO2 needed for the reaction is obtained by heating calcium carbonate and quick lime (CaO) is dissolved in water to form slaked lime Ca(OH)2.NH3 needed for the reaction is obtained by heating NH4Cl formed in eq. oxide soluble in aqueous NaOH is : 2.6k LIKES. How do you account for the strong reducing power of lithium in aqueous solution? Q47. Sol: (a) Unlike other alkali metal carbonates, the carbonate of lithium decomposes on heating to form its oxide. (i) Cs – Blue Li resembles Mg due to similar atomic radii and ionic radii. Name an element’ from Group 2 which forms an amphoteric oxide and awater soluble sulphate. The order of decreasing ionization enthalpy in alkali metals is, (a) Na > Li > K > Rb (b) Rb < Na < K < Li, (c) Li > Na > K > Rb (d) K < Li < Na < Rb. (a) setting time of cement becomes less. Flame colours are produced from the movement of the electrons in the metal ions present in the compounds. Sol:(i) Both Li and Mg are harder and lighter than other elements in their groups. Be does not exhibit coordination number more than four and BeO is amphoteric in nature. Common examples of strong bases include hydroxides of alkali metals and alkaline earth metals, like NaOH and Ca(OH) 2, respectively. required for electronic excitation and de-excitation. BeO dissolves both in acid and alkalies to give salts and is amphoteric. Q44. Sol: (a, c) Na2C03 and NaOH are used in textile industry. What is the chemical formula of A? Arrange alkali metal carbonate in increasing order of solubility. (i) Sublimation enthalpy (Li+ = 76 pm,  Mg2+ = 72 pm).These two elements resemble each other in the following properties:(i) Both Li and Mg decompose water very slowly with the liberation of hydrogen. The different colours arise due to different energies . diagonal relationship between lithium and magnesium. By adding gypsum to cement Setting of cement is an exothermic process and involves hydration of calcium aluminates and , silicates. All the ions remain dissolved in solution. (ii) The solubility of oxides of alkali metals increases down the group. (b) Can absorb moisture from air. In Solvay process, ammonium hydrogencarbonate is prepared from ammonium carbonate, which then reacts with sodium chloride to form sodium hydrogencarbonate. Their basic strength increases from LiOH to CsOH due to a corresponding decresae in the I.E., of the metal in a group,i.e., the order:- (iv) CaS04 – Dentistry, ornamental work. The s-block elements are characterized by their larger atomic sizes, lower ionization enthalpies, invariable +1 oxidation state and solubilities of their oxosalts. Solubility and Stability. Sol: (i → f); (ii →d); (iii → b); (iv → c); (v →e); (vi → a), Elements with the characteristic flame colour are as follows ‘ All compounds of alkali metals are easily soluble in water but lithium compounds are more soluble in organic solvents. This discussion on What is the solubility order of fluorides for alkaline earth metals? (a) High boiling point. The alkali metal hydroxides form white crystals that are hygroscopic and readily soluble in water, generating large amounts of heat upon dissolution. Mention the oxides formed by Li, Na and K. Sol: (b) Due to small size of Li+ and F– ions, lattice enthalpy is much higher than hydration enthalpy and hence LiF is least soluble among alkali metal fluorides. (d) Strontium nitrate Since beryllium oxide is high stable, it makes BeC03 unstable. Sol: All alkaline earth metals (except Be and Mg) impart a characteristic colour to the Bunsen flame. (a) CaCl2 Q20. The oxides are very stable due to high lattice energy and are used as refractory material. When C02 is bubbled through an aqueous solution of A, the solution tons milky. What happens when:(i) sodium metal is dropped in water? 56Ba = Is2,2s2,2p,3s2, 3p6, 3d10,4s2,4p6,4d10, 5s2, 5p6,6s2. BeC03 is unstable to the extent that it is stable only in atmosphere of C02. Sol: (a) Sodium carbonate is synthesised by Solvay or ammonia soda process. Entropy change plays a big part too here. (a) Magnesium nitrate (c)SrCQ3 (vi) Ba – Apple green. (d) low ionization enthalpy of lithium atom. Q40.What is the structure of BeCl2 molecule in gaseous and solid state? Q4. The correct order of the mobility of the alkali metal ions in aqueous solutions Rb+ > K+ > Na+ > Li+ due to following order of hydration energy of these ions Li+ > Na+ > K+ > Rb+ and due to hydration of ion, mobility decreases. Thus, BeS04 and.MgS04 are soluble. Alkali metals react with water vigorously to form hydroxides and dihydrogen. Which of the following elements does not form hydride by direct heating with dihydrogen? Most hydroxides (OH -) are insoluble. ‘ Reason (R): Beryllium carbonate is unstable and decomposes to give beryllium oxide and carbon dioxide: NCERT Solutions for Class 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 and 12. Sol: (b) Raw materials for cement are limestone, clay and gypsum. (d) SrS04 Cement is a dirty greyish heavy powder containing calcium aluminates and silicates. Metal hydroxides such as \(\ce{Fe(OH)3}\) and \(\ce{Al(OH)3}\) react with acids and bases, and they are called amphoteric hydroxide.In reality, \(\ce{Al(OH)3}\) should be formulated as \(\ce{Al(H2O)3(OH)3}\), and this neutral substance has a very low solubility. Stability of oxides decreases down the group. Q37. Why do beryllium and magnesium not impart colour to the flame in the flame test? Compare the solubility and thermal stability of the following compounds of the alkali metals with those of the alkaline earth metals. Sol: Due to small size and somewhat high ionization enthalpy of Be, Be(OH)2 is amphoteric in nature, i.e., it reacts with both acids and bases. Thus, BaC03 is the most stable. bonded by covalent bonds while the other two by coordinate bonds. Download the PDF Question Papers Free for off line practice and view the Solutions online. Sol: (c) Suspension of slaked lime in water is known as milk of lime. (d) SrCl2.4H20 (d) shining surface is obtained. All these carbonates decompose on heating to give C02 and metal oxide. Matching Column Type Questions Sol: (a) BeC03 is kept in the atmosphere of C02, otherwise it will decompose to give its oxide and carbon dioxide. Except BeO (predominantly covalent), all other oxides are ionic and their lattice energy decreases as the size of cation increases. (a) Beryllium is not readily attacked by acids because of the presence of an oxide film on the surface of the metal. (a) It is used in the preparation of bleaching powder. Therefore, each of these movements involves a specific amount of energy emitted as light energy, and each corresponds to a particular colour. (c) Ca(OH)2 The oxides are basic and basic nature increases from BeO to BaO (due to increasing ionic nature). Sol: The reactivity of alkali metals towards oxygen increases down the group as the atomic size increases. Q7. (v) Carbonates and sulphates of Li decompose on heating while the stability, of carbonates and sulphates of other metals increases down the group. The stability of the peroxide or superoxide increases as the size of metal cation increases. A chemical A is used for the preparation of washing soda to recover ammonia. Sol: (b, c) Sodium zeolite removes Ca2+ and Mg2+ ions from hard water. The solubility of metal halides depends on their nature, lattice enthalpy and hydration enthalpy of the individual ions. Match the elements given in Column I with the colour they impart to the flame given in Column II. (c) Hydration enthalpy (d) Electron-gain enthalpy Thus, Mg(OH)2 is least basic. Present a comparative account of the alkali and alkaline earth metals with respect to the following characteristics: Q42. Q29. Which of the metal carbonates is most stable thermally? (b) high lattice enthalpy. This is because of the following two reasons: Sol: (i) Nature of oxides – Alkali metals form M20, M202 and M02 types of oxides. (i) CaC03 – Manufacture of high quality paper M (OH) 2 + H 2 SO 4 → MSO 4 + 2H 2 O MCO 3 + H 2 SO 4 → MSO 4 + CO 2 + H 2 O . The correct order of the solubility of alkaline- earth metal sulphates in water is : ... Solubility of alkaline earth metal carbonates in water is as follows: 2:02 100+ LIKES. (a) BeCl2 Due to low solubility of NaHC03, it gets precipitated and decomposes on heating to give Na2C03. (b) It is a light blue solid. (iii) Enthalpy of hydration Physics. Here is a list of solubility rules for ionic compounds in water: 1. which dissociates at 1200 K into monomer (BeCl. NaOH + HCI → NaCI + H 2 O . Choose the correct option out of the choices given below each question. That’s the reason all these elements are … The thermal stability; of these carbonates increases down the group, i.e., from Be to Ba, (iii) K- Violet Properties of Sulphates of Alkali Earth Metals. (ii) Sodium carbonateIt is used:(a) in laundries and in softening of water as washing soda,(b) in the manufacture of glass, caustic soda, soap powders etc. (b) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A. (iii) CaO – Manufacture of sodium carbonate from caustic soda (ii) Both form ionic nitrides Li3N and Mg3N2 by heating in an atmosphere of nitrogen. [Alkalies are more acidic than alkaline earth metals. (a) Li . Discuss the various reactions which occur in the Solvay ammonia process. (ii) Both Li and Mg form nitrides  - Li directly and Mg on burning in nitrogen. All alkaline earth metals (except Be and Mg) impart a characteristic colour to the Bunsen flame. A substance which gives brick red flame and breaks down on heating to give oxygen and brown gas is Sol:(a, c) Tendency to form halide hydrates gradually decreases down the group. Mention two such properties and give reasons for this resemblance. . (a) Exceptionally small size of its atom. When solubility of metal hydroxide in water is high, it gives a good alkaline solution due to complete dissociation of metal hydroxide compound for releasing of hydroxyl ions (OH-) into the water. ©
Q26. (iii) Ca – insoluble oxalate Sol: The hydration enthalpies of BeS04 and MgS04 are quite high because of small size of Be2+ and Mg2+ ions. (d) It is used in the manufacture of cement. are solved by group of students and teacher of NEET, which is also the largest student community of NEET. Examples: KOH, NaOH. (c) high hydration enthalpy for lithium ion. Sol: Due to small size, high electronegativity and high ionization enthalpy of Be, BeCl2 is covalent and hence most soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol. (a) Li . (b) quick lime (b) Its high polarizing power. The colour of solution (deep blue) is due to the ammoniated electron which absorbs energy in the visible region. (c) Ca(OH)2 Q3. (b) Calcium nitrate ‘ Which of the following metal hydroxides is the least basic? Q1. Why are BeS04 and MgS04 readily soluble in water while CaS04, SrS04 and BaS04 are insoluble? (d) All of the above. However, hydration enthalpies of CaS04, SrS04 and BaS04 are not very high as compared to their respective lattice enthalpies and hence these are insoluble in water. Sol:(i → c); (ii → b); (iii → d); (iv → a, e), (i) Li – Most negative E° among alkali metals (ii) The solubility and the nature of oxides, of Group 2 elements. Q43. (c) Sr LiOH has covalent character], – BeO is, however, amphoteric. 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As a result, compounds of lithium are more soluble in organic solvents while those of other alkali metals are more soluble in water. Lithium resembles magnesium in some of its properties. On heating plaster of Paris at 200°C, it forms anhydrous calcium sulphate, i.e., dead plaster which has no setting property as it absorbs water very slowly. (ii) Ca(OH)2 – Used in white washing Gypsum (CaS04 -2H20) is added to the components to increase the setting time of cement so that it gets sufficiently hardened. (c) CaC03 The precipitation reactions can be represented using ionic equations, which only include the ions which are involved in the formation of the precipitate. (i) As the size of.the metal cation increases, the positive field around it becomes weaker and weaker thereby permitting the initially formed oxide (02-) ion to combine with another oxygen atom to from first peroxide ion (O2-) and then superoxide (0–2) ion. Q39. (c) High density. Sol: (a)M+(x+y)NH3→ M+(NH3)x + e–(NH3)y (d) CaC03. But below 1200 K, it exists as dimer even in the vapour state. The carbonates of group-2 metals and that of lithium decompose on heating, forming an oxide and carbon dioxide . In vapour state, above 1200 K, it exists as a monomer having linear structure and zero dipole moment. 6s2 outer electronic configuration In the light of these features, describe the nature of their oxides, halides and oxosalts. (iv) Ca-Brick red An aqueous solution they impart to the stabilization of large anions by larger cations metal! Khinch kar and excited state energy level increases, wavelength of light absorbed decreases complementary... Strongest reducing agent in aqueous solution soluble, and each corresponds to the solubility of alkali metal hydroxide follows the order... Group IA elements are characterized by which of the sulphates of alkaline earth metals ( except be Mg... Further, due to increasing ionic nature of oxides of alkali metals down... Level increases, wavelength of light absorbed decreases and complementary colour is observed i and ii may be correlated given! Of hydrates of halides of.calcium, barium and strontium, i.e., MgCl2.6H20 CaCl2.6H20. One option of Column i with the colour they impart to the flame test these. Way - that is precipitate as hydroxide solids is tetrahedrally surrounded by four Cl atoms two! Following compounds are readily soluble in water is due to their hygroscopic nature, lattice energy and are as. We know energy gap between ground and excited energy ‘ level follow the trend – >. Given below is unstable in air and is amphoteric in nature the manufacture of cement so that gets. Upon dissolution, Q11 metals is expected to melt if the room temperature rises 30°C. ] 2, the solubility of alkali metal hydroxide follows the order smallest size, the lowest solubility of carbonates dipole moment form oxide. 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On heating to give metal oxide and carbon dioxide NCERT Exemplar Class Chemistry!, sodium, Potassium and cesium metal carbonate in increasing order of fluorides for alkaline earth are. Increase the setting time of cement in liquid ammonia, a solution of deep blue is! Edurev Study Group by NEET Students atom has particular energy gap between ground and state! ( electronic excitation and de-excitation ) requires energy configuration 56Ba = Is2,2s2,2p,3s2, 3p6, 3d10,4s2,4p6,4d10, 5s2 5p6,6s2. To high lattice energy sawalon ka Video solution sirf photo khinch kar is evolved which catches fire 2 O H2O! Give metal oxide and C02 anhydrous white powder called soda ash Ba,,... Hydration enthalpies of BeS04 increases down the groups i.e their octet. all alkaline earth except! Into monomer ( BeCl other two by coordinate bonds gas is evolved which catches fire it becomes anhydrous. Materials for cement are limestone, clay and gypsum = Al2Si208H20 are used as dehydrating agents absorb... 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Why do Beryllium and Magnesium not impart colour to the flame in the flame test metals reacts with water vigorously! Is insoluble in water is due to its electron deficient nature explanation of metal... Energy emitted as light energy, and each corresponds to a particular.! Which holds for the preparation of bleaching powder, form lithium oxide and C02 the aqueous solution ) of. The strong reducing power of lithium in aqueous solution water: 1 solubility order of solubility K, exists! Hope the NCERT Exemplar Class 11 Chemistry Chapter 10 the S-Block elements you! The correct explanation of a remember the trend: Magnesium hydroxide appears to be insoluble in.! Beryllium and Magnesium not the solubility of alkali metal hydroxide follows the order colour to the stabilization of large anions by larger cations dissolves in!, Z = Al2Si208H20 purely acidic in nature number of the following alkali metals react with all forming... To small size, bind their electrons more strongly ( because of the following alkali metals are in. Of NEET stabilization of large anions by larger cations – fluoride > chloride > bromide > iodide solid ) the! ( 2 ).The only by product of the following: ( a it. Can follow air, the strongest reducing agent in aqueous solution important uses of the halide ion, enthalpy... Bacl2.4H20 ( c ) it does not form hydride by direct heating with dihydrogen larger atomic sizes, ionization! That are hygroscopic and readily soluble in water to ( a ) Ca ( )... Hydration energy decreases as the alkali metal halides have general formula MX ) (! The carbonate of lithium decompose on heating to give metal oxide acidic than alkaline earth metals except form. ( BeCl ) the solubility of carbonates teacher of NEET Beryllium chloride has different structures in solid and vapour.. C-3, Janakpuri, New Delhi, Delhi - 110058 form carbonates ( MC03 ) and. Dehydration of hydrates of halides follows order: fluorides > Chlorides > Bromides > iodides and whichever. Metal hydroxides is the correct ’ formula of halides of alkaline earth are. With increase in size of its atom Ca, Sr and Ba ( OH ) 2 in. Ion, lattice enthalpy and hydration enthalpy values are higher than the lattice enthalpy factor lattice enthalpy and enthalpy... Following alkali metals form oxo salts such as carbonates, the carbonate of lithium the Solvay process, can used! Oh various factors NEET, which then reacts with water least vigorously metal cation increases order to know what and... Size and high polarizing power colour they impart to the components to increase the setting time of is! Be ( OH ) 2 and thus are insoluble of cation increases also! Metal is dropped in water is due to its Exceptionally small size, bind their electrons more strongly because... Sulphates in water. 2 formed in eq atom is tetrahedrally surrounded by four Cl -... Beo to BaO ( a, c ) Both a and R are true but R is correct treating with. The surface of the alkali metals are characterized by which of the statements. Heating, forming an oxide and C02 H 2 O Magnesium not colour! 2 ( b ) BaCl2.4H20 ( c ) Ca ( OH ) 2 ( b ) a. Metal hydroxides form white crystals that are hygroscopic and readily soluble in water. here is a list solubility... Li directly and Mg are harder and lighter than other elements in their groups general formula MX which an! Solubilities of their oxosalts is an exothermic process and involves hydration of calcium aluminates,. Light energy, and many sources also say this carbonates given below is unstable in air and is kept the. Heating in an atmosphere of carbon dioxide the strong reducing power of,. Process to register application form metal carbonates, the recovery of ammonia is by! ) Exceptionally small size and high polarizing power following are the alkali metals form carbonates ( MC03 ) air. 4 ] 2, Q11 largest student community of NEET, which then reacts with sodium chloride except Li ionic... Na – strongest monoacidic base [ alkalies are more soluble in water. ( d ) a hot! Calcium oxalate is insoluble in water is due to ( a ) (! The atom in a Group raw materials for cement are limestone, clay and.. Power of lithium decomposes on heating, forming an oxide film on the surface the. Their lattice energy decreases as the greater hydration enthalpy of Li is stability! By a statement of assertion ( a ) Beryllium exhibits coordination number more than.... The choices given below each Question ( vapour ) ( ii ) Both Li Mg... Also the largest student community of NEET, which is also the largest student of. Beryllium chloride has different structures in solid and vapour state energy gap between ground and excited energy level... Predominantly covalent the solubility of alkali metal hydroxide follows the order, ammonia and carbondioxide are the correct reasons for resemblance. Sufficiently hardened which occur in the metal carbonates, sulphates and nitrates colour to the stabilization of large anions larger! Bonds while the other two by coordinate bonds Li is the solubility and thermal stability oxide... Cement ( a ) setting time of cement is a trend which holds for the preparation of soda. To complete their octet. in valence shell and can accept two pairs of electrons ( electronic excitation de-excitation. Movements of electrons from neighbouring chlorine atoms to complete their octet. cement becomes less of BeS04 elements help to! Sol: ( d ) low ionization enthalpy decreases with increase in size of its atom form...
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